Efficacy and mechanism of action of novel synthetic fatty acids derivatives in a transgenic Drosophila melanogaster Model of a Alzheimer's disease
- Introducció Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by early synaptic and late neuronal loss, affecting more than 26 million people worldwide. Among patients affected with dementia, more than half suffer from Alzheimer’s disease. The biggest risk factor for deve...
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| Tipo de recurso: | tesis doctoral |
| Estado: | Versión publicada |
| Fecha de publicación: | 2015 |
| País: | España |
| Institución: | CBUC, CESCA |
| Repositorio: | TDR. Tesis Doctorales en Red |
| OAI Identifier: | oai:www.tdx.cat:10803/378038 |
| Acceso en línea: | http://hdl.handle.net/10803/378038 |
| Access Level: | acceso abierto |
| Palabra clave: | Alzheimer’s Disease, Membrane Lipid Therapy, Biologia Cel·lular 57 576 |
| Sumario: | - Introducció Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by early synaptic and late neuronal loss, affecting more than 26 million people worldwide. Among patients affected with dementia, more than half suffer from Alzheimer’s disease. The biggest risk factor for developing Alzheimer's disease is age. β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary p-Tau tangles accumulates in the brains of elderly patients playing a central role in the pathogenesis of AD. During the last years the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster has increasingly been used as a model for neurodegenerative disease. Although the adult fly has a simpler nervous system than those of vertebrates, it is capable of higher-order brain functions, including aversive and appetitive learning, and recalling learned information from prior experiences. - Contingut de la investigació This work has been focused on modeling Alzheimer's Disease in Drosophila by expressing two human genes associated with AD (Aβ42 and Tau) in the fly central nervous system. This model displays AD-like neuropathological as well as behavioral symptoms. The main goal of developing such a model is to analyse and study the effect of new synthetic fatty acids molecules in the pathogenesis of AD. Additionally, the model organisms established in this study could provide tools that help to understand disease-specific processes resulting in neuronal loss. This study argues that Drosophila can be used to study the behavioural basis of human neurodegenerative diseases and may provide a model to identify novel therapeutic avenues for neurodegenerative diseases as Alzheimer’s disease. In this work also was studied the effect of membrane lipid therapy on cognitive decline of a transgenic model of Drosophila. This model overexpresses the human amyloid peptide of 42 amino acids (Aβ42), and human Tau protein that play a key role in the development of this disease. - Conclusió The treatment has been based on the use of DHA and its hydroxylated derivate OHDHA, ARA and its hydroxylated form OHARA and EPA and its hydroxylated form OHEPA at 1, 3, 10, 30, 100 and 250 μg/ml of standard food. After testing the transgenes expression in the F1 generation by PCR analysis and Western blot it was evaluated the toxicity of the compounds, and it was demonstrated that food supplementation with OHDHA, OHARA, OHEPA partially restored the loss of locomotor activity and increased the life-span of the flies expressing the human transgenes whereas the DHA, ARA, EPA, form had not significant effects. It has been observed that the concentrations of 30 and 100 μg/ml of hydroxylated form, including the mixtures of (OHDHA+OHARA), (OHEPA+OHARA), and 30 μg/ml of TGMs, LP183A1, LP183A2, was used, have led to cognitive improvement and have maintained or increased the lifespan with respect to the control group. In addition it was analyzed the lipid content from Drosophila heads by using gas chromatography and it was found that the food supplementation with either hydroxylated or non-hydroxylated compounds induced changes in the fatty acid profile of Drosophila. Furthermore it was discovered that the amount of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), from the heads of F1 treated with ARA, EPA and DHA was less than that from untreated F1 flies. Concerning the hydroxylated fatty acids, the reduction in the levels of short chain fatty acid (SCFA) was similar to that of the non-hydroxylated fatty acids. All food supplement tested induced an increase of long chain fatty acids (≥ 18C). ARA, EPA and DHA were present in the fatty acid profile of flies treated with the respective non-hydroxylated food supplements. This fact proves the absorption and incorporation of dietary PUFAs into the Drosophila body tissues. |
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