Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries(1,2). However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world(3) and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have dist...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores: Taddei, Cristina, Zhou, Bin, Bixby, Honor, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo M., Danaei, Goodarz, Jackson, Rod T., Farzadfar, Farshad, Sophiea, Marisa K., Di Cesare, Mariachiara, Iurilli, Maria Laura Caminia, Rodriguez Martinez, Andrea, Asghari, Golaleh, Dhana, Klodian, Gulayin, Pablo, Kakarmath, Sujay, Santero, Marilina, Voortman, Trudy, Riley, Leanne M., Cowan, Melanie J., Savin, Stefan, Bennett, James E., Stevens, Gretchen A., Paciorek, Christopher J., Aekplakorn, Wichai, Cifkova, Renata, Giampaoli, Simona, Pascal Kengne, Andre, Khang, Young-Ho, Kuulasmaa, Kari, Laxmaiah, Avula, Margozzini, Paula, Mathur, Prashant, Nordestgaard, Borge G., Zhao, Dong, Aadahl, Mette, Abarca-Gomez, Leandra, Rahim, Hanan Abdul, Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M., Acosta-Cazares, Benjamin, Adams, Robert J., Agdeppa, Imelda A., Aghazadeh-Attari, Javad, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A., Agyemang, Charles, Ahluwalia, Tarunveer S., Ahmad, Noor Ani, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmadi, Naser, Ahmed, Soheir H., Ahrens, Wolfgang, Ajlouni, Kamel, Alarouj, Monira, AlBuhairan, Fadia, AlDhukair, Shahla, Ali, Mohamed M., Alkandari, Abdullah, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Aly, Eman, Amarapurkar, Deepak N., Amouyel, Philippe, Andersen, Lars Bo, Anderssen, Sigmund A., Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza, Aounallah-Skhiri, Hajer, Araujo, Joana, Ariansen, Inger, Aris, Tahir, Arku, Raphael E., Arlappa, Nimmathota, Aryal, Krishna K., Aspelund, Thor, Assuncao, Maria Cecilia F., Auvinen, Juha, Avdicova, Maria, Azevedo, Ana, Azizi, Fereidoun, Azmin, Mehrdad, Balakrishna, Nagalla, Bamoshmoosh, Mohamed, Banach, Maciej, Bandosz, Piotr, Banegas, Jose R., Barbagallo, Carlo M., Barcelo, Alberto, Barkat, Amina, Bata, Iqbal, Batieha, Anwar M., Batyrbek, Assembekov, Baur, Louise A., Beaglehole, Robert, Belavendra, Antonisamy, Ben Romdhane, Habiba, Benet, Mikhail, Benn, Marianne, Berkinbayev, Salim, Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio, Bernotiene, Gailute, Bettiol, Heloisa, Bhargava, Santosh K., Bi, Yufang, Bienek, Asako, Bikbov, Mukharram, Bista, Bihungum, 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Tipo de recurso: artículo
Fecha de publicación:2020
País:España
Institución:Conselleria de Salut i Consum del Govern de les Illes Balears
Repositorio:Docusalut
Idioma:inglés
OAI Identifier:oai:docusalut.com:20.500.13003/10387
Acceso en línea:https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13003/10387
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Hypercholesterolemia
Young Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Triglycerides
Cholesterol, HDL
Female
Internationality
Cholesterol, LDL
Male
Stroke
Middle Aged
Bayes Theorem
Adolescent
Humans
Adult
Myocardial Ischemia
Persona de Mediana Edad
Isquemia Miocárdica
Accidente Cerebrovascular
LDL-Colesterol
Femenino
HDL-Colesterol
Adolescente
Masculino
Humanos
Adulto Joven
Teorema de Bayes
Anciano
Anciano de 80 o más Años
Hipercolesterolemia
Internacionalidad
Triglicéridos
Adulto
Descripción
Sumario:High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries(1,2). However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world(3) and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health(4,5). However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol-which is a marker of cardiovascular riskchanged from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million-4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.