Bismuth oxyiodides: photocatalytic performance, by-products, and degradation pathways

The increasing global demand for environmental remediation strategies has led to significant interest in the development of efficient photocatalysts. Semiconductor photocatalysts, such as titanium dioxide (TiO₂ P25), have been extensively studied for addressing challenges such as water purification...

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Autores: Martínez-Topete, Andrea, Jiménez-Relinque, Eva, Dappozze, Frederic, Salli, Sofia, Genç, Aziz, Slater, Thomas, Guillard, Chantal, Folli, Andrea, Castellote, Marta
Tipo de recurso: artículo
Estado:Versión publicada
Fecha de publicación:2025
País:España
Institución:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Repositorio:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
OAI Identifier:oai:digital.csic.es:10261/397215
Acceso en línea:http://hdl.handle.net/10261/397215
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105000443034
Access Level:acceso abierto
Palabra clave:Bismuth oxyiodides
By-products
ROS-mediated mechanism
NOx
Phenol
Photocatalysis
Environmental engineering
Chemical processes
Physical chemistry
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spelling Bismuth oxyiodides: photocatalytic performance, by-products, and degradation pathwaysMartínez-Topete, AndreaJiménez-Relinque, EvaDappozze, FredericSalli, SofiaGenç, AzizSlater, ThomasGuillard, ChantalFolli, AndreaCastellote, MartaBismuth oxyiodidesBy-productsROS-mediated mechanismNOxPhenolPhotocatalysisEnvironmental engineeringChemical processesPhysical chemistryThe increasing global demand for environmental remediation strategies has led to significant interest in the development of efficient photocatalysts. Semiconductor photocatalysts, such as titanium dioxide (TiO₂ P25), have been extensively studied for addressing challenges such as water purification and air decontamination. However, TiO₂ P25’s wide band gap restricts its efficacy under visible light, which limits its practical use in real-life applications. Bismuth oxyiodides have emerged as highly promising alternatives due to their narrow band gaps and visible-light responsiveness. In this study, BiOI, Bi5O7I, and BiOI/Bi5O7I have been synthesized by pH-dependent co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods and evaluated their photocatalytic performance for phenol degradation and nitrogen oxides (NOx) oxidation. Under visible light irradiation, BiOI-co pH 10 and BiOI/Bi5O7I-co pH 12 demonstrated promising phenol degradation rates (≈51%) compared to the TiO2 P25 benchmark (≈ 11%). In terms of mineralization efficiency, as measured by the total organic carbon (TOC)/phenol ratio (0.6–0.7), Bi5O7I-UV, BiOI/Bi5O7I-VIS, and TiO2 P25-UV showed similar capabilities. Only under UV light irradiation did TiO2 P25 (phenol removal≈100%; NO removal≈86%) surpass the bismuth oxyiodides. Despite showing minimal production of aromatic by-products (e.g., hydroquinone, benzoquinone, and catechol) during phenol degradation, the bismuth oxyiodides exhibited higher NO2 production compared to TiO2 P25 during NOx oxidation. One possible explanation for this phenomenon may be attributed to different ROS-mediated mechanisms present in TiO2 P25 and bismuth oxyiodide compounds. However, the possibility of significant adsorption of intermediates in solution onto bismuth oxyiodide materials cannot be neglected. Quencher experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and terephthalic acid-fluorescence probe method revealed that hydroxyl radicals (HO·) are not the major oxidant specie in in bismuth oxyiodide-mediated photocatalysis. Using evidence from EPR spectroscopy, a photodegradation pathway, involving singlet oxygen (1O2), was proposed. These findings provide valuable insights into the photocatalytic behavior of bismuth oxyiodides and highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms to optimize their use for environmental applications.The funding for this work was provided by the projects PID2022-141812OB-I00 from the AIE (Spanish Research Agency) and ILINK22054 from CSIC. We would also want to thank the Ministry of Universities (Spain) for its financial support through the FPU22/01793 predoctoral scholarship to Andrea Martínez-Topete.Peer reviewedSpringer NatureMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Martínez-Topete, Andrea [0009-0001-8257-001X]Jiménez-Relinque, Eva [0000-0003-1825-3615]Castellote, Marta [0000-0002-9758-0341]Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]202520252025info:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501Publisher's versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://hdl.handle.net/10261/397215https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105000443034reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSICinstname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Inglés#PLACEHOLDER_PARENT_METADATA_VALUE#info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2022-141812OB-I00Journal of Materials Science Materials in Engineeringhttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-025-00251-6Síinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessoai:digital.csic.es:10261/3972152026-05-22T06:33:51Z
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Bismuth oxyiodides: photocatalytic performance, by-products, and degradation pathways
title Bismuth oxyiodides: photocatalytic performance, by-products, and degradation pathways
spellingShingle Bismuth oxyiodides: photocatalytic performance, by-products, and degradation pathways
Martínez-Topete, Andrea
Bismuth oxyiodides
By-products
ROS-mediated mechanism
NOx
Phenol
Photocatalysis
Environmental engineering
Chemical processes
Physical chemistry
title_short Bismuth oxyiodides: photocatalytic performance, by-products, and degradation pathways
title_full Bismuth oxyiodides: photocatalytic performance, by-products, and degradation pathways
title_fullStr Bismuth oxyiodides: photocatalytic performance, by-products, and degradation pathways
title_full_unstemmed Bismuth oxyiodides: photocatalytic performance, by-products, and degradation pathways
title_sort Bismuth oxyiodides: photocatalytic performance, by-products, and degradation pathways
dc.creator.none.fl_str_mv Martínez-Topete, Andrea
Jiménez-Relinque, Eva
Dappozze, Frederic
Salli, Sofia
Genç, Aziz
Slater, Thomas
Guillard, Chantal
Folli, Andrea
Castellote, Marta
author Martínez-Topete, Andrea
author_facet Martínez-Topete, Andrea
Jiménez-Relinque, Eva
Dappozze, Frederic
Salli, Sofia
Genç, Aziz
Slater, Thomas
Guillard, Chantal
Folli, Andrea
Castellote, Marta
author_role author
author2 Jiménez-Relinque, Eva
Dappozze, Frederic
Salli, Sofia
Genç, Aziz
Slater, Thomas
Guillard, Chantal
Folli, Andrea
Castellote, Marta
author2_role author
author
author
author
author
author
author
author
dc.contributor.none.fl_str_mv Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)
Martínez-Topete, Andrea [0009-0001-8257-001X]
Jiménez-Relinque, Eva [0000-0003-1825-3615]
Castellote, Marta [0000-0002-9758-0341]
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [https://ror.org/02gfc7t72]
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Bismuth oxyiodides
By-products
ROS-mediated mechanism
NOx
Phenol
Photocatalysis
Environmental engineering
Chemical processes
Physical chemistry
topic Bismuth oxyiodides
By-products
ROS-mediated mechanism
NOx
Phenol
Photocatalysis
Environmental engineering
Chemical processes
Physical chemistry
description The increasing global demand for environmental remediation strategies has led to significant interest in the development of efficient photocatalysts. Semiconductor photocatalysts, such as titanium dioxide (TiO₂ P25), have been extensively studied for addressing challenges such as water purification and air decontamination. However, TiO₂ P25’s wide band gap restricts its efficacy under visible light, which limits its practical use in real-life applications. Bismuth oxyiodides have emerged as highly promising alternatives due to their narrow band gaps and visible-light responsiveness. In this study, BiOI, Bi5O7I, and BiOI/Bi5O7I have been synthesized by pH-dependent co-precipitation and hydrothermal methods and evaluated their photocatalytic performance for phenol degradation and nitrogen oxides (NOx) oxidation. Under visible light irradiation, BiOI-co pH 10 and BiOI/Bi5O7I-co pH 12 demonstrated promising phenol degradation rates (≈51%) compared to the TiO2 P25 benchmark (≈ 11%). In terms of mineralization efficiency, as measured by the total organic carbon (TOC)/phenol ratio (0.6–0.7), Bi5O7I-UV, BiOI/Bi5O7I-VIS, and TiO2 P25-UV showed similar capabilities. Only under UV light irradiation did TiO2 P25 (phenol removal≈100%; NO removal≈86%) surpass the bismuth oxyiodides. Despite showing minimal production of aromatic by-products (e.g., hydroquinone, benzoquinone, and catechol) during phenol degradation, the bismuth oxyiodides exhibited higher NO2 production compared to TiO2 P25 during NOx oxidation. One possible explanation for this phenomenon may be attributed to different ROS-mediated mechanisms present in TiO2 P25 and bismuth oxyiodide compounds. However, the possibility of significant adsorption of intermediates in solution onto bismuth oxyiodide materials cannot be neglected. Quencher experiments, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and terephthalic acid-fluorescence probe method revealed that hydroxyl radicals (HO·) are not the major oxidant specie in in bismuth oxyiodide-mediated photocatalysis. Using evidence from EPR spectroscopy, a photodegradation pathway, involving singlet oxygen (1O2), was proposed. These findings provide valuable insights into the photocatalytic behavior of bismuth oxyiodides and highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms to optimize their use for environmental applications.
publishDate 2025
dc.date.none.fl_str_mv 2025
2025
2025
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
Publisher's version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format article
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.none.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10261/397215
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105000443034
url http://hdl.handle.net/10261/397215
https://api.elsevier.com/content/abstract/scopus_id/105000443034
dc.language.none.fl_str_mv Inglés
language_invalid_str_mv Inglés
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info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2021-2023/PID2022-141812OB-I00
Journal of Materials Science Materials in Engineering
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-025-00251-6
Sí
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer Nature
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Springer Nature
dc.source.none.fl_str_mv reponame:DIGITAL.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC
instname:Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
instname_str Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
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